Carrot and Stick Theory of Motivation

Carrot and Stick Theory of Motivation

• The Carrot and Stick theory of motivation is based on the principles of reinforcement.   

• The Theory was given by a philosopher Jeremy Bentham, during the time of industrial revolution.

• This theory is derived from the old story of a donkey, the best way to move him is to put a carrot in front of him and jab him with a stick from behind.

HERZBERG’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION OR TWO FACTOR THEORY OF MOTIVATION

 HERZBERG'S THEORY IN MOTIVATION

Two Factor Theory in motivation was proposed by Frederick Herzberg, a behavioral scientist in 1959.  FrederickHerzberg's theory of motivation is also known as 'Two Factor Theory', 'Dual Factor Theory' and ‘Motivation-Hygiene’ Theory. This theory is based on the information collected by him and his associates (in the USA in 1959) by interviewing two hundred engineers and accountants. The information collected relates to the attitude of people towards work. This attitude towards work depends on two sets of factors namely hygiene or maintenance factors and the motivating factors.

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Hygiene Factors of Two Factor Theory:

 

•  According to Frederick Herzberg, the Hygiene Factors do little contribution to provide job satisfaction.

• These factors must be maintained at a reasonable level of satisfaction in employees.

•  He called them "dissatisfiers' as their absence cause dissatisfaction but their presence will not motivate but only prevent dissatisfaction. In other words,  any increase beyond this level will not provide any satisfaction in employees, however any cut below this level will dissatisfy them.

•  They are not an intrinsic part of a job, but they are related to the conditions under which a job is performed. Thus, they are not related to job content rather job context.

•   As per Herzberg these are of no use for motivating the employees.

Need Hierarchy Theory of Maslow in Motivation or Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Need Hierarchy Theory:

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in Psychology. The Theory was proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review. Maslow opined that human beings have a hierarchy of needs where he stated that all humans before moving on to satisfy higher order needs at first satisfy their lower order needs like basic needs. Maslow represented this theory as a hierarchical triangle. This shows how basic needs must be met before one can “climb” the hierarchy, to address more complex needs.

According to Maslow, individuals are motivated by unsatisfied needs, i.e, needs not yet satisfied. Once a basic need is significantly satisfied, it drives and forces the next need to emerge. Thus according to Maslow, Satisfied need can no longer be a motivator for human being and thus only the needs not yet satisfied, i.e., unsatisfied need can be a motivator.

Theory X and Theory Y of Motivation or McGregor Theory of Motivation

 Theory X and Theory Y of Motivation:

Introduction:

The eminent psychologist Douglas McGregor has given his theory of motivation called Theory X and Theory Y in 1960. This theory was first presented by him in a classic article titled 'The Human Side of Enterprise'. He treated management approach as Traditional and Professional where he presented traditional approach to management as 'Theory X' and the professional approach to management as 'Theory Y'. Thus we can say that his theory refers to two sets of employees based on the perception of human nature and those two sets are 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. His theory is based on human behavior at work.